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The most encountered materials traditionally used for such objects are wool, flax and hemp. The artifact is formed of two major components: the support textile fiber and the colored fibers. Identification of fiber type enables sometimes to approximate the age of an artifact, the climate type or the trade routes and manufacturing process used.
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The technique offers some advantages because relatively small samples are directly analyzed after they are pressed against the surface of the diamond crystal without damaging the samples. The analyzed artifact represents a traditional pillowcase originating from Moldavia historical region, from the end of the XIX th century – beginning of the XX th century, belonging to a private collection. The present paper aims to present the application of FTIR-ATR for the characterization of historical fibers. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy - Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) technique can be successfully applied for the study of a wide range of historical artifacts (several papers describing the application of FTIR for the analysis of historical metals, paper, ceramic, fabrics, etc.). Analysis of cultural heritage artifacts represents a very important first step in any restoration/conservation attempt.